文丨宾宇轩 王睿
高山滑雪是冬奥会历史最悠久的项目，被称为“冬奥会皇冠上的明珠”。伴随着速度与激情，高山滑雪的受伤风险也很大。为参赛选手保驾护航的，是一群无论是滑雪技术还是医疗水平都十分过硬的滑雪医生。
Known as the “Jewel in the Crown of the Winter Games”, alpine skiing is the oldest event of the Winter Olympic Games. With speed and passion comes the risk of injury in alpine skiing. To protect the athletes, a group of ski doctors specialized in skiing and medical cares are recruited.
“任何专业赛道或大众滑雪场，都需要强有力的安全保障。我相信滑雪医生将成为未来冰雪运动发展必不可少的群体。”北京冬奥会医疗保障团队的邓侃医生说。
“Ski venues for either professional or amateur players need safety guarantee. I believe that ski doctors will become an essential group for the development of ice sports in the future, ” said Dr. Deng Kan of the medical care team for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
2022年2月7日，高山滑雪女子大回转决赛在延庆小海坨高山滑雪场举行。美国运动员妮娜·奥布莱恩（Nina O’Brien）正在向奖牌发起冲击，她的表现非常出色，在计时点不断刷新着最好成绩。即将滑行到终点附近时，却在最后一个旗门失去控制，身体及雪板在空中旋转数圈，重重摔落在地上。她强忍着痛苦扶起左腿，滑雪医生迅速赶到她的身边，进行镇痛止疼并转移到医院。
The final of women’s giant slalom of alpine skiing is held at Xiaohaituo Alpine Skiing Field in Yanqing of Shaanxi Province on Feb 7, 2022. Team USA’s Nina O ‘Brien was initially making a run for a medal with superb performance setting new bests at the time points. But she lost control at the final gate near the finish line with her body and skis spinning several times in the air, and fell heavily to the ground. Struggling with pain, she lifted her left leg. The ski doctor rushed to her, relieved her pain and transferred her to a hospital.
经诊断，奥布莱恩的左小腿开放性粉碎性骨折，她迅速在延庆医院进行了修复手术。从受伤到接受治疗方案完成手术，前后历时仅一个小时。术后，奥布莱恩在社交媒体上发文致谢：“我想要对那些照顾我的人们给予真诚的致谢，尤其是那些我在终点线受伤时冲到我身边的延庆医生和护士们”（I want to say thank you to everyone who’s taken care of me, especially those who rushed to me in the finish and my doctors and nurses in Yanqing）。
O’Brien was diagnosed with an open comminuted fractured left lower leg, which underwent a repair surgery quickly in Yanqing Hospital. It took only an hour from the injury to the treatment. After the surgery, O’Brien posted his thanks on social media: “I want to say thank you to everyone who took care of me, especially to those who rushed to me in the finish, and my doctors and nurses in Yanqing.”
在终点线前冲到Nina身边的，正是来自北京冬奥会医疗保障团队的滑雪医生。在本届冬奥会上，他们承担着所有高山滑雪项目的医疗工作。为高山滑雪运动员提供救助并不容易，光滑的冰状雪、陡峭的赛道都给医生的行动造成了障碍，但中国的滑雪医生们很好地完成了救治伤员的任务。
It were the ski doctors from the medical care team of the Beijing Winter Olympics that rushed to Nina’s side. They provide medical treatment of all alpine skiing events in Beijing 2022. It is not easy to rescue alpine skiers, for slippery ice snow and steep tracks hinder doctors’ movement, but Chinese ski doctors have done a good job treating the injured.
令人惊讶的是，中国长久以来其实并没有专业的滑雪医生，这支专业的医疗保障团队仅仅成立4年，便已达到了世界水平。
Surprisingly, there had been no professional ski doctor in China for long. This professional medical care team has reached the world level only four years after it was established.
2018年1月，北京冬奥组委在北京、河北的综合医院中招募了300多名有滑雪基础的医生参与培训。经过层层选拔，最终有37名医生加入到冬奥保障团队，包括十余名女性医生。他们来自协和医院、积水潭医院等重点医院脑外科、急诊科、骨科等与运动急救相关的科室，临床经验丰富。
In January 2018, the Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee recruited more than 300 doctors with skiing basics to participate in training at general hospitals in Beijing and Hebei. After several rounds of selection, 37 doctors, including more than 10 women, joined the team. Those experienced doctors come from department of cerebral surgery, emergency department, orthopedics and other departments related to sports first aid in key hospitals such as Union Hospital and Jishuitan Hospital.
北京协和医院神经外科主治医师邓侃也是37人中的一员。“热爱挑战、突破极限”是他描述自我的标签。他是广州人，毕业于中山医科大学（现中山大学中山医学院）。作为一名地地道道的南方人，滑雪却是他最重要的业余爱好。在滑雪医生的选拔过程中，他拿到了滑雪技能测试的第一名。如今，他拥有了一个更特殊的身份：北京冬奥会高山滑雪医疗保障团队滑雪医生。
Deng Kan, an attending neurosurgeon at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, was among the 37. He described himself as “love the challenges and break the limits” He was born in Guangzhou and graduated from Sun Yat-sen Medical University (now Sun Yat-sen Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University). As a southerner, however, skiing is his favourite hobby. In the selection for ski doctors, he won the first place in the skiing skills test, and now, he has an more special title: the ski doctor of the medical care team of alpine skiing for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
尽管团队中的医生都具有丰富的临床经验，但想成为一名优秀的滑雪医生，还需要经过严格的培训。自2018年开始的四个雪季，医疗保障团队在延庆、张家口等地的滑雪场集中训练了150天。培训的重点便是提高医生们的滑雪技能。邓侃医生介绍道：“因为比赛赛道不同于一般的雪场，赛道是冰状雪，所以我们的滑雪能力要非常出众，基本功非常扎实，才能在冰状雪上行走。”
Despite rich clinical experience that doctors on the team all had, they still needed to undergo rigorous training to become an excellent ski doctor. In the four snow seasons since 2018, the medical care team were trained intensively for 150 days at ski resorts in Yanqing and Zhangjiakou, aiming to improve the doctors’ skiing skills. Dr. Deng Kan said, “The race track covered with ice snow is different from the amateur field, so our skiing ability must be outstanding and our basic skills must be very solid to walk on ice snow.”
除了滑雪技能的高要求之外，寒冷也是滑雪医生面临的一项巨大考验。冬奥会期间，延庆赛区的气温平均在零下10度以下。高山赛道若遭遇大风，体感温度更是会达到零下38度。寒冷让急救变得缓慢：十公斤的急救包愈发笨重，一些器械设备也面临失效的可能。为此，滑雪医生们在北京市急救中心练习野外救援，并邀请世界知名的滑雪救援团队进行专业培训。
In addition to the high demands of skiing, the cold weather is a great challenge for them. During the Games, the average temperature in Yanqing is below minus 10 degrees Celsius. When hit with winds the body temperature can reach 38 degrees below zero. The cold slows first aid: 10kg kits are getting heavier, and some equipment is at risk of failing. To this end, ski doctors practiced abilities for field rescue at the Beijing Emergency Center and invited world-renowned ski rescue teams for professional training.
滑雪是一项高风险的运动，在雪季培训的过程中，常常伴随着伤病与复健的痛苦。37名滑雪医生中，重伤过的就有接近10人，遭遇了脊柱骨折、锁骨骨折、肋骨骨折等重大伤病。邓侃医生在2021年3月遭受了前交叉韧带断裂、半月板撕裂的伤势。
Skiing is a high-risk sport, and the training process in the snow season is often accompanied with the pain of injury and rehabilitation. Nearly 10 out of 37 ski doctors suffered from serious injuries, including spinal fractures, collarbones and broken ribs. Dr. Deng had a ruptured ACL and torn meniscus in March 2021.
“当时受伤之后，心情比较沮丧。因为我们都是大夫，所以都知道自己伤得很重。距离冬奥会开幕还不到一年，到底能不能及时康复自己都心里打嘀咕。”邓侃医生说。
“I was depressed after I got hurt. As we were all doctors, we knew we were badly hurt. I wonder if I can recover in time for the Winter Olympics, which is less than a year away,” Dr. Deng said.
经过短暂的心理波动，他决定立即接受手术治疗，随后进入艰难的康复阶段。“手术后必须得忍着疼，通过冰敷吃止痛药等方式，不断地训练肌肉。”经历了9个月的漫长复健，邓侃医生在12月重新站回雪道上，克服了心理障碍，经过一次又一次的滑行训练，重新建立了信心。在队内攀登测试中，更是收获了第一名的好成绩。“为了参加冬奥，大家都带着一股劲儿，不能落后。”
After brief mental struggling, he decided to undergo surgery immediately, which was followed by a difficult phase of recovery. “After surgery, you have to endure pain, do ice compress, take painkillers, and train your muscles.” After 9 months of rehabilitation, Dr. Deng stood back on the track in December, overcame the psychological barrier and rebuilt his confidence after skiing training again and again. Also, he even won the first place in the climbing test within the team. “In order to participate in the Winter Olympics, everyone had a strong mind. Nobody wanted to be lagged behind.”
今年1月，邓侃和其他滑雪医生提前进驻延庆高山滑雪中心，在冬奥开幕前进行了一个月的最后演练。经过不断地模拟训练，为每一个可能的情况设计预案，一遍遍打磨案例推演，滑雪医生团队的配合度和应急处置能力进一步得到提升，通过了两次测试赛的考验，终于站在了冬季奥运会的赛道之上。
In January, Deng Kan and other ski doctors arrived at the Yanqing Alpine Ski Center ahead of schedule for a month of final practice before the Winter Olympics. Their capacity of cooperation and emergency response were further improved, as they did continuous simulation training, designed plans for every possible situation and kept polishing and practicing. Finally, they stood on the track of the Winter Olympic Games after passing two test events.
2月的延庆寒风凛冽，赛场上的运动员们奋力拼搏，整个高山滑雪医疗保障工作进行得十分顺利。除了奥布莱恩之外，先后还有二十余名运动员受伤。滑雪医生们果断出发，及时、精准、高效地处理了运动员的伤情，一次次呈现教科书级别的临场救治。
In February, the athletes has tried hard with the cold wind of Yanqing, and the whole alpine skiing medical care work went smoothly. In addition to O ‘Brien, more than 20 other athletes have been injured. Ski doctors set out decisively and offered treatment timely, accurately and efficiently, which presented on-site treatment of textbook level for several times.
邓侃医生说，“能够通过自己最喜欢的兴趣爱好和职业，为冬奥做力所能及的事情，非常荣幸，非常骄傲，非常开心。”
Dr. Deng said, “I am very honored, proud and happy to do what I can for the Winter Olympics, as my favorite hobbies and career.”